Previous studies that investigated the relationship between biomarkers and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) generally focused on individual biomarkers with significant heterogeneity in terms of the screening methodologies, diagnostic criteria for GDM and sample handling of glucose within these studies.
This prospective study used an established panel of ten biomarkers to determine if they could predict the diagnosis of GDM.Women with risk factors for GDM were recruited at their first antenatal visit. They attended for an oral glucose tolerance test at 26-28 weeks’ gestation with strict preanalytical handling of glucose samples to minimise glycolysis.
A fasting plasma sample taken simultaneously was stored at -80 °C and analysed in bulk for 10 biomarkers (insulin, c-peptide, glucagon, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, visfatin, resistin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)) using the Bio-plex-pro Human Diabetes Assay.Insulin and C-peptide levels in the third tertile were associated with the development of GDM (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.6, 95 % CI 1.3-5.0, p = 0.005 and aOR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.8-7.4, p < 0.001 respectively, adjusted for maternal obesity).
Elevated levels of ghrelin were associated with a lower odds of developing GDM, after adjustment for maternal obesity.
) Recombinant Murine Interleukin-2
(rMuIL-2 ) |
|
JOT-PR2022 |
Jotbody |
5µg |
EUR 205 |
|
|
|
Description: The ED50 as determined by the dose dependent stimulation of murine CTLL-2 cells is < 0.2 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 5 x 106 units/mg. |
Recombinant Murine Interleukin-2
(rMuIL-2 ) |
|
PR2022 |
Bioworld Biotech |
5µg |
EUR 158 |
|
|
|
Description: The ED50 as determined by the dose dependent stimulation of murine CTLL-2 cells is < 0.2 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 5 x 106 units/mg. |
) Recombinant murine Interleukin-2 (rm IL-2 ) |
|
72102 |
SAB |
20ul |
EUR 235 |
|
|
|
Description: Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The ED50 as determined by a cell proliferation assay using murine CTLL-2 cells is less than 0.2 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 5.0 × 106 IU/mg. |
) Recombinant murine Interleukin-2 (rm IL-2) |
|
MBS9419941-002mL |
MyBiosource |
0.02mL |
EUR 280 |
Recombinant murine Interleukin-2 (rm IL-2) |
|
MBS9419941-5x002mL |
MyBiosource |
5x0.02mL |
EUR 1120 |
) Recombinant Murine Beta –Defensins 2
(rMuBD-2) |
|
JOT-PR2012 |
Jotbody |
5µg |
EUR 205 |
|
|
|
Description: Determined Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.by its ability to chemoattract immature human dendritic cells using a concentration of 10.0-100.0 ng/ml. |
Recombinant Murine Beta –Defensins 2
(rMuBD-2) |
|
PR2012 |
Bioworld Biotech |
5µg |
EUR 158 |
|
|
|
Description: Determined Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.by its ability to chemoattract immature human dendritic cells using a concentration of 10.0-100.0 ng/ml. |
) BD-2, murine (mouse) |
|
RC240-13 |
Bio Basic |
5ug |
EUR 125.26 |
|
|
) Recombinant Murine MCP-2/CCL8
(rMuMCP-2/CCL8) |
|
JOT-PR2030 |
Jotbody |
5µg |
EUR 205 |
|
|
|
Description: Fully biologically active when compared to standard. Determined by its ability to chemoattract human peripheral blood monocytes using a concentration range of 10.0-100.0 ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of ＞1 x 104 IU/mg. |
) Recombinant Murine MIP-2/CXCL2
(rMuMIP-2/CXCL2 ) |
|
JOT-PR2031 |
Jotbody |
5µg |
EUR 205 |
|
|
|
Description: Fully biologically active when compared to standard. Determined by its ability to chemoattract total human neutrophils using a concentration range of 1.0-10.0 ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of ＞1 x 105 IU/mg. |
Recombinant Murine MIP-2/CXCL2
(rMuMIP-2/CXCL2 ) |
|
PR2031 |
Bioworld Biotech |
5µg |
EUR 158 |
|
|
|
Description: Fully biologically active when compared to standard. Determined by its ability to chemoattract total human neutrophils using a concentration range of 1.0-10.0 ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of ＞1 x 105 IU/mg. |
 IL-2, murine recombinant |
|
4132-100 |
Biovision |
each |
EUR 1038 |
IL-2, murine recombinant |
|
4132-1000 |
Biovision |
each |
EUR 5077.2 |
IL-2, murine recombinant |
|
4132-20 |
Biovision |
each |
EUR 352.8 |
 Recombinant Murine IL-2 |
|
MEILP-0201 |
Cyagen |
5ug |
Ask for price |
 Recombinant Murine BD-2 |
|
MEOPP-0202 |
Cyagen |
5ug |
Ask for price |
 MCP-2, murine recombinant |
|
4226-10 |
Biovision |
each |
EUR 411.6 |
MCP-2, murine recombinant |
|
4226-1000 |
Biovision |
each |
EUR 6030 |
 VEGF murine rec., 2 μg |
|
BS.WF.45.0002 |
Bio&SELL |
2 μg |
Ask for price |
|
Description: VEGF murine rec., Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, vascular endothelial growth factor |
 murine Eotaxin 2 X 96 |
|
M660060192 |
Tecan Benelux |
1 unit |
EUR 1489.67 |
 Murine IL-2 ELISA Kit |
|
MBS335495-10x96WellsPrecoatedplate |
MyBiosource |
10x96Wells(Pre-coated-plate) |
EUR 2465 |
Murine IL-2 ELISA Kit |
|
MBS335495-1x96WellsPrecoatedplate |
MyBiosource |
1x96Wells(Pre-coated-plate) |
EUR 375 |
Murine IL-2 ELISA Kit |
|
MBS335495-2x96WellsPrecoatedplate |
MyBiosource |
2x96Wells(Pre-coated-plate) |
EUR 485 |
 Murine IL-2 ELISA Set |
|
MBS335530-10x96Wells |
MyBiosource |
10x96Wells |
EUR 535 |
Murine IL-2 ELISA Set |
|
MBS335530-15x96Wells |
MyBiosource |
15x96Wells |
EUR 630 |
Murine IL-2 ELISA Set |
|
MBS335530-20x96Wells |
MyBiosource |
20x96Wells |
EUR 745 |
Murine IL-2 ELISA Set |
|
MBS335530-5x96Wells |
MyBiosource |
5x96Wells |
EUR 420 |
 Murine IL-2 ELISpot Kit |
|
MBS335551-1x96WellsPrecoatedplate |
MyBiosource |
1x96Wells(Pre-coated-plate) |
EUR 325 |
Murine IL-2 ELISpot Kit |
|
MBS335551-2x96WellsPrecoatedplate |
MyBiosource |
2x96Wells(Pre-coated-plate) |
EUR 560 |
Murine IL-2 ELISpot Kit |
|
MBS335551-5x96WellsPrecoatedplate |
MyBiosource |
5x96Wells(Pre-coated-plate) |
EUR 1085 |
 Murine IL-2 ELISpot Set |
|
MBS335557-10x96WellsPlatenotincluded |
MyBiosource |
10x96Wells(Plate-not-included) |
EUR 1045 |
Murine IL-2 ELISpot Set |
|
MBS335557-5x96WellsPlatenotincluded |
MyBiosource |
5x96Wells(Plate-not-included) |
EUR 725 |
Murine IL-2 ELISpot Set |
|
MBS335561-15x96WellsSterileplate |
MyBiosource |
15x96Wells(Sterile-plate) |
EUR 1970 |
Murine IL-2 ELISpot Set |
|
MBS335561-1x96WellsSterileplate |
MyBiosource |
1x96Wells(Sterile-plate) |
EUR 290 |
Murine IL-2 ELISpot Set |
|
MBS335561-20x96WellsSterileplate |
MyBiosource |
20x96Wells(Sterile-plate) |
EUR 2410 |
Murine IL-2 ELISpot Set |
|
MBS335561-5x96WellsSterileplate |
MyBiosource |
5x96Wells(Sterile-plate) |
EUR 960 |
Murine IL-2 ELISpot Set |
|
MBS335575-1x96WellsNonsterileplate |
MyBiosource |
1x96Wells(Non-sterile-plate) |
EUR 280 |
Murine IL-2 ELISpot Set |
|
MBS335575-20x96WellsNonsterileplate |
MyBiosource |
20x96Wells(Non-sterile-plate) |
EUR 2095 |
Murine IL-2 ELISpot Set |
|
MBS335575-5x96WellsNonsterileplate |
MyBiosource |
5x96Wells(Non-sterile-plate) |
EUR 880 |
 MURINE IL-2 ELISPOT KIT |
|
MPC2001001 |
Tecan Benelux |
1 unit |
EUR 292.15 |
MURINE IL-2 ELISPOT KIT |
|
MPC2001005 |
Tecan Benelux |
1 unit |
EUR 1168.49 |
) MCP-2, CCL8, murine (mouse) |
|
RC335-19 |
Bio Basic |
5ug |
EUR 125.26 |
|
|
 Murine IL-2 ELISpot Pair |
|
MBS335783-10x96Wells |
MyBiosource |
10x96Wells |
EUR 930 |
) MIP-2, CXCL2, murine (mouse) |
|
RC332-13 |
Bio Basic |
5ug |
EUR 125.26 |
|
|
 Recombinant Murine Interleukin-2 |
|
CC081-005 |
GenDepot |
5ug |
EUR 351.6 |
Recombinant Murine Interleukin-2 |
|
CC081-020 |
GenDepot |
20ug |
EUR 489.6 |
Recombinant Murine Interleukin-2 |
|
CC081-101 |
GenDepot |
1mg |
EUR 7350 |
 Recombinant Muramidase-2, partial |
|
MBS1034079-INQUIRE |
MyBiosource |
INQUIRE |
Ask for price |
 Murashige and Skoog, 1/2 Micronutrients and 1/2 Iron |
|
CP024-010 |
GenDepot |
10X1L |
EUR 118.8 |
Murashige and Skoog, 1/2 Micronutrients and 1/2 Iron |
|
CP024-500 |
GenDepot |
50L |
EUR 151.2 |
) MDM2 (Murine Double Minute-2) |
|
MBS6487511-01mL |
MyBiosource |
0.1mL |
EUR 660 |
MDM2 (Murine Double Minute-2) |
|
MBS6487511-5x01mL |
MyBiosource |
5x0.1mL |
EUR 2825 |
) Exodus-2, CCL21, murine (mouse) |
|
RC335-32 |
Bio Basic |
5ug |
EUR 125.26 |
|
|
 GM-CSF murine rec., 2 μg |
|
BS.WF.74.0002 |
Bio&SELL |
2 μg |
Ask for price |
|
Description: GM-CSF murine rec., granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, cytokine |
) Eotaxin-2, CCL24, murine (mouse) |
|
RC335-35 |
Bio Basic |
5ug |
EUR 125.26 |
|
|
) Recombinant Murine MCP-2 (CCL8) |
|
MECCP-0801 |
Cyagen |
5ug |
Ask for price |
 Recombinant Murine IL-2 Protein |
|
PROTP04351-2 |
BosterBio |
20ug |
EUR 380.4 |
|
Description: IL-2 is a powerful immunoregulatory lymphokine produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. IL-2/IL-2R signaling is required for T-cell proliferation and other fundamental functions which are essential for the immune response. IL-2 stimulates growth and differentiation of B-cells, NK cells, lymphokine activated killer cells, monocytes, macrophages and oligodendrocytes. Recombinant murine IL-2 is a 17.2 kDa protein, containing 149 amino acid residues. |
 LumiAb ELISA Kit) IL-2 (Murine) LumiAb ELISA Kit |
|
MBS9510838-10x96StripWells |
MyBiosource |
10x96-Strip-Wells |
EUR 4355 |
IL-2 (Murine) LumiAb ELISA Kit |
|
MBS9510838-5x96StripWells |
MyBiosource |
5x96-Strip-Wells |
EUR 2225 |
IL-2 (Murine) LumiAb ELISA Kit |
|
MBS9510838-96StripWells |
MyBiosource |
96-Strip-Wells |
EUR 500 |
 Recombinant Murine Exodus-2/CCL21 |
|
AP60357 |
SAB |
100ug |
EUR 896 |
|
|
Recombinant Murine Exodus-2/CCL21 |
|
MECCP-2101 |
Cyagen |
5ug |
Ask for price |
Recombinant Murine Exodus-2/CCL21 |
|
P1507-.005 |
ApexBio |
5ug |
EUR 108.8 |
|
Description: Peptides & Proteins|Recombinant Proteins |
Recombinant Murine Exodus-2/CCL21 |
|
P1507-.1 |
ApexBio |
100ug |
EUR 900 |
|
Description: Peptides & Proteins|Recombinant Proteins |
Recombinant Murine Exodus-2/CCL21 |
|
P1507-.5 |
ApexBio |
500ug |
EUR 2021.6 |
|
Description: Peptides & Proteins|Recombinant Proteins |
However, approximately half of the women with GDM who were in the obesity category did not have insulin or c-peptide levels in the third tertile.While three of the ten biomarkers were statistically associated with an increased risk of GDM, the large overlap in values between those with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance meant that the biomarkers (alone or in combination) were not useful clinically.
